General physical fitness and aerobic fitness
Their advice to smokers was give up, or switch to a pipe or cigars
PLoS One 8, e54120 (2013), Abstract Full Text Sex steroid hormones modulate responses to social challenge and opportunity in males of the monogamous convict cichlid, Amatitliana nigrofasciata: A
Cigarette smoke contains fine particles along with harmful gases and chemical compounds such as carbon monoxide, benzene, nitrogen oxides, and formaldehyde
Several studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of smoking on testosterone levels, age-related effects, and the impact on male reproductive health
He often uses food choice experiments, tempting the animals with bacterial blends to see which they prefer under different conditions